|
An isolated, agrarian society until the mid-20th century, Nepal entered the modern era in 1951 without schools, hospitals, roads, telecommunications, electric power, industry, or civil service. The country has, however, made progress toward sustainable economic growth since the 1950s and is committed to a program of economic liberalization. Nepal has used a series of five-year plans in an attempt to make progress in economic development. It completed its ninth economic development plan in 2002; its currency has been made convertible, and 17 state enterprises have been privatized. Foreign aid to Nepal accounts for more than half of the development budget. Government priorities over the years have been the development of transportation and communication facilities, agriculture, and industry. Since 1975, improved government administration and rural development efforts have been emphasized. Agriculture remains Nepal's principal economic activity, employing 70% of the population and providing 37% of GDP. Only about 20% of the total area is cultivable; another 33% is forested; most of the rest is mountainous. Rice and wheat are the main food crops. The lowland Terai region produces an agricultural surplus, part of which supplies the food-deficient hill areas. GDP is heavily dependent on remittances of foreign workers. Subsequently, economic development in social services and infrastructure in Nepal has not made dramatic progress. A countrywide primary education system is under development, and Tribhuvan University has several campuses. Please see Education in Nepal for further details. Although eradication efforts continue, malaria had been controlled in the fertile but previously uninhabitable Terai region in the south. Kathmandu is linked to India and nearby hill regions by road and an expanding highway network. The capital was almost out of fuel and transport of supplies caused by a crippling general strike in southern Nepal on February 17, 2008.〔(Kathmandu nearly out of fuel, Nepal says ). ''CNN''. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2008-04-13.〕 Major towns are connected to the capital by telephone and domestic air services. The export-oriented carpet and garment industries have grown rapidly in recent years and together now account for approximately 70% of merchandise exports. The Cost of Living Index in Nepal is comparatively lower than many countries but not the least. The quality of life has declined to much less desirous value in recent years.〔( Cost of Living Index in Nepal - Statistics & Graphs of Nepalese Citizen's Economic Power ). Retrieved 2014-01-10.〕 Nepal was ranked 54th worst of 81 ranked countries (those with GHI > 5.0) on the Global Hunger Index in 2011, between Cambodia and Togo. Nepal's current score of 19.9 is better than in 2010 (20.0) and much improved than its score of 27.5 in 1990.〔IFPRI/ Concern/ Welthungerhilfe: ( 2011 Global Hunger Index The challenge of hunger: Taming price spikes and excessive food price volatility ). Bonn, Washington D. C., Dublin. October 2011.〕 ==Foreign investments and taxation== Huge numbers of Small Foreign Investments come to Nepal via the Non Resident Nepali, who are investing in Shopping Mall, Plaza, Real Estate Business, Tourism etc. Nepal has huge capacity of Hydroelectricity due to which huge number of foreign companies are in line but the political instability has stopped the process at the same time it's growing on its own. Nepal entered into agreement for avoidance of double taxation (all in credit method) with 10 countries ((PSRD )) since 1987. Similarly, it has Investment protection agreement with 5 countries ((PSRD )) since 1983. In 2014, Nepal restricted the Foreign aid by setting minimum limit for foreign grants, soft and commercial loans from its development partners. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of Nepal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|